About the journal
The International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), a broad-based journal, is an open-access journal that was founded in 2011. IJAMAD accepts the most exciting original, reviews, case reports, short communication, and novel and high-impact contributions from the related area of Agricultural Management and Development. All submissions to the IJAMAD Journal undergo a fair, supportive, and double-blind peer-review process and it takes about six months after the first submission. The title acceptance rate is about 30%.
The International Journal of Agricultural Management & Development is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December.
ANNOUNCEMENT ON ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE (APC)
In a continuous effort to disseminate the scientific findings more efficiently and to ensure quality and timely publication, all peer-reviewed reviews and articles accepted on and after June 1st, 2020 for publication in IJAMAD will carry an Article Processing Charge (APC) of 5000000 IRR made payable either by the Iranian author(s), funder(s), institution(s) or employer(s) after peer-review and before publication.
Note: for non-Iranian authors, there is no Article Processing Charge (APC)
This journal is published in cooperation with the Iranian Association of Agricultural Economic
"This journal is following of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and complies with the highest ethical standards in accordance with ethical laws".
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access
Article
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The Effects of Climate Change on Iran's Sugarcane Production (Case study: Khuzestan Sugarcane)
Abdulah Rajabalinejad
Niv Nozari
Bita Rahimi Badr
Issue 4
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Vol.
13
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Autumn
2023
Climate change due to global warming cause a lot of concern that requires comprehensive and reciprocal world wide action. The agricultural sector is one of the most dependent sectors on the climate, in the production cycle and food security of Iran, with a dry and hot c
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Climate change due to global warming cause a lot of concern that requires comprehensive and reciprocal world wide action. The agricultural sector is one of the most dependent sectors on the climate, in the production cycle and food security of Iran, with a dry and hot climate is at a higher risk of global damages for these climate changes. Moreever, the major sugarcane industries of Iran are located in Khuzestan province which climatic variables in this region have recorded drastic and increasing changes procedure. In this article the effects of climate change on sugarcane industry in Khuzestan are studied (1971-2020). The usage of Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), an econometric model, helped examining the effect of climate factors such as temperature and precipitation on production. The results depicts a nonlinear relation between the climatic factors temperature and precipitation and production. As a matter of fact, the nonlinear relation in the form of an inverted U-shape in the graph shows the importance of climate change on agricultural production. The government's ownership of Khuzestan's sugarcane cultivation and the assignment of exclusive rights should provide maximum productivity, but not achieving an ideal goal. In conclusion, because of the negative effects of climate change on sugarcane production, it, is highly recommended to 1) Limit human intervention in nature, 2) Utilize varieties of other crops which are more resilientistant to climate change, 3) Alternate the cultivation patteren,and finally (4) To consider supportive policies in this matter to cope with the effects of climate change .
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Open Access
Article
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Determinants of Smallholder Farmers' Access to Agricultural Extension Channels and their Effects on Awareness and Compliance with Good Agricultural Practices in Kenya
James Mwangi
Preston Chitere
James Kariuki
Issue 4
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Vol.
13
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Autumn
2023
Although it is mandatory for smallholder farmers to comply with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to participate in French bean farming for export, they lack uniformity in their farming practices. Available literature doesn't show whether farmers’ compliance with
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Although it is mandatory for smallholder farmers to comply with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to participate in French bean farming for export, they lack uniformity in their farming practices. Available literature doesn't show whether farmers’ compliance with GAPs is affected by their choices of extension channels and their social status characteristics. A field survey was conducted among 115 farmers who were sampled systematically, and the data was collected by the use of questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and regression models to establish the association between social status characteristics of farmers versus extension channels accessed, and its influence on awareness and compliance with GAPs. The study found that farmers' level of access to extension channels had a significant influence on their level of awareness and compliance with GAPs. Field extension workers were the most effective channel of extension. Moreover, gender, asset scores, farm acreage under French beans and income from the sale of French beans were among the social characteristics with significant influence on the type and number of extension channels accessed by smallholder farmers. This study recommends that the dissemination of agricultural innovation messages to smallholder farmers should be guided by studying their social characteristics and paying attention to women and resource-poor farmers. innovation messages should be tailored along available channels of extension to enhance access by a diverse calibre of farmers.
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Open Access
Article
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Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) for Factors Affecting the Development of The Export of Dairy Products
علیرضا داداشی جوکندان
میرزاحسن حسینی
رحمان غفاری
محمد دوستار
Issue 1
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Vol.
13
,
Winter
2023
Trade internationalization and companies' turn to the global market have become more apparent in recent decades. An increasing number of companies in this space have found an excellent opportunity to expand their international activities to achieve growth, profit and sa
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Trade internationalization and companies' turn to the global market have become more apparent in recent decades. An increasing number of companies in this space have found an excellent opportunity to expand their international activities to achieve growth, profit and sales, diversity for business risks, and even to compensate for the presence of foreigners in their market. The aim of this study is the identification and prioritize the factors affecting dairy export development. The present study has a mixed and combined approach. In the qualitative section, 18 vital and practical factors of export development were identified through semi-structured interviews with 18 academic experts, export experts, managers, and experts of the studied companies. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 11 industry and university experts have been used by interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to prioritize the factors. Factors were plotted at six levels. Findings from the research process show that economic sanctions and government role-playing factors are recognized as the most important and influential factors, and economic growth, production, and employment prosperity, and economic resilience as the most dependent factors in dairy export development.
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Open Access
Article
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An Empirical Analysis of Vertical Integration Determinants among Peasant Farmers in Northern Algeria
Mohamed Benmehaia
Fatima Brabez
Issue 2
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Vol.
7
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Spring
2017
This study aims to analyze the determinants of vertical integration (ownership and contract-ing) among peasant farmers in Northern Algeria. The choice of asset control is between ownership and a simple contracting. Thus, the integration of vertical stages of agricultura
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This study aims to analyze the determinants of vertical integration (ownership and contract-ing) among peasant farmers in Northern Algeria. The choice of asset control is between ownership and a simple contracting. Thus, the integration of vertical stages of agricultural produc-tion leads to higher gross margins, influences the choice of marketing and supply channels, and improves market participation of farmers. Three different regression models were used to determine the likelihood of a peasant household to integrate vertically (and horizontally) in its enterprise. Data were collected from 635 smallholder farmers in Northern Algeria. Farm structure, farm size, farmers' age, farmers’ level of education, seasonality, and geographical location were assumed to be the key factors in accounting for a household’s likelihood to ver-tically integrate in its farming enterprise. These key factors affect the household’s likelihood of horizontal integration. The study, then, carries the implication that policy-makers should develop increased awareness of farm structure, its scale, seasonal and spatial nature of agricultural production, as well as of some farmers’ social characteristics in order to be able to improve the agricultural productivity.
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Open Access
Article
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Modern Strategies of Marketing the New Dairy Products in Iran
مریم کاظمی ایمن آبادی
محمد طالقانی
نرگس دل افروز
Issue 3
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Vol.
12
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Summer
2022
The dairy industry has a major part in the added value and occupation of agriculture part. The products of this industry have a significant portion in the Iranian family consumption basket by providing the cheapest protein sources in the country. The goal of this study
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The dairy industry has a major part in the added value and occupation of agriculture part. The products of this industry have a significant portion in the Iranian family consumption basket by providing the cheapest protein sources in the country. The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between the life cycle of the product (growth and maturity stage) and marketing strategies (the creation and development of new products) through innovation strategy (market and learning orientation). This study was done during March until September in 2018 in the Bazar Gostar Pegah Co. of the region one in the country, which includes the provinces such as Gilan, west Azarbayjan, East Azarbayjan, Qazvin, Zanjan and Ardebil as one of the five regions of the milk industry of Iran (Pegah). The hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study revealed that the product life-cycle and innovation strategy both have a significant and positive effect on marketing strategy (new product creation and development). The findings of this research make a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in this field and should assist scholars and innovation managers to better understand the importance of the relationship between marketing strategy activities and product innovation strategy in the context of the dairy firm.
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Open Access
Article
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Determination of Technical Efficiency and Optimum Size of Rice Farms in Mazandaran Province (Case study: Fereydunkenar County)
رضا اسفنجاری کناری
محمود احمدپور برازجانی
احمدعلی کیخا
سامان ضیایی
ماشاا... سالارپور
Issue 3
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Vol.
10
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Summer
2020
A reason for the success of the agricultural sector in developed countries is the regulation of farm size as it allows for the scale economy of production. Considering that the size of agricultural production units should be specifically determined based on the crop and
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A reason for the success of the agricultural sector in developed countries is the regulation of farm size as it allows for the scale economy of production. Considering that the size of agricultural production units should be specifically determined based on the crop and the area where it is produced, this study aims to determine the optimum size of rice farms in Fereydunkenar County, Mazandaran Province. So, 198 farmers were randomly interviewed in 2014. The results show that the optimal economic size of the farms in the study area is 1.949 ha, 43% larger than the average cultivation area in the region. The results of the technical efficiency using the Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data model (StoNED) also show that paddy size has a direct correlation with the efficiency of these units in the studied area and production in larger farms is more economical and efficient. Therefore, it is suggested to consider plans to encourage rice farmers to establish cooperatives and change their farm management style from small farm owning to integrated management.
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Open Access
Article
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Effect of the Olive Value Chain on the Assets of Olive Orchard Owners in Rudbar County: the Application of Sustainable Livelihood Approach
شهاب الدّین شکری
یزدان حبیبی
سیدمهدی میردامادی
Issue 4
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Vol.
13
,
Autumn
2023
This descriptive-analytical research aimed to investigate the effects of the olive value chain on the assets of olive orchard owners in Rudbar County with the sustainable livelihood approach by the library and field method using a questionnaire. The content and face val
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This descriptive-analytical research aimed to investigate the effects of the olive value chain on the assets of olive orchard owners in Rudbar County with the sustainable livelihood approach by the library and field method using a questionnaire. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts after revision, and its general reliability was estimated at 0.97 by Cronbach’s alpha. The study site was Rudbar County. The statistical population was composed of 5053 olive orchard owners out of whom 604 people were sampled based on Bartlett’s table. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and LISREL software packages. According to the applied LISREL, the main findings were as follows: P-VALUE =0.000001, NNFI=0.907, CFI=0.910, RMSEA=0.036 and X^2/df =1.51, IFI =0.910 and PGFI =0.768. Results revealed that out of these five resources, social capital was the strongest one affecting respondents’ livelihoods in the study area (λ=1.02). The results revealed that the fit of the measurement model is appropriate and acceptable. Also, it can be said that capital assets influence livelihood outcomes significantly and positively, so the livelihood level will increase with increasing capital assets.
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Open Access
Article
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Developing Export Marketing Strategy Model of Tea to Target Markets
علیرضا فرخ بخت فومنی
وحیدرضا میرابی
قاسمعلی بازایی
حیدر امیران
Issue 2
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Vol.
9
,
Spring
2019
The main purpose of this qualitative research was designing an export marketing strategy model for tea product to the target markets. The statistical population was composed of all experts in the field of this research topic (N = 332), the sample size was determined as
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The main purpose of this qualitative research was designing an export marketing strategy model for tea product to the target markets. The statistical population was composed of all experts in the field of this research topic (N = 332), the sample size was determined as the same as the statistical population. Second-hand data used for collecting data and a semi-structured interview was used as a research tool. Five series of interviews were conducted with the experts. In order to identify the status of tea export, the first interview was done with tea exporters during 2016 (87 people were interviewed). The second interview was done with factory holders for investigating the status of green tea leaf and dry tea as well as the respective model (170 companies were interviewed). In the third step, the experts and practitioners were interviewed (50 people were interviewed) for providing the research model. The fourth interview was done with experts of the tea research centre and organization (10 people were interviewed) to examine the status of tea gardens, green tea, and dry tea production and the main model. Finally, some Iranian business and economic advisers were interviewed in the fifth step. The results showed that direct export - business partner was as the most suitable method to enter the target markets. Participation in the related fairs in the target country and invitation and presence of traders of target markets in Iran determined as the most appropriate method for market penetration and development strategy. Low price with more discounts was seen as more suitable in pricing strategy. Top quality and top packaging were selected as the best method regarding product strategy. Selection of top distributors in each country and chain stores were determined for the product distribution. Using the brand of target market, digital marketing, fair, and social networks were recognized as more suitable regarding promotion strategy. Gardener and factory holder cooperating, agricultural improvement of tea gardens, promoting quality of green leaf of tea, and using modern types of machinery for cultivation and harvesting in production strategy was the most important production strategy. In addition, differentiation through special taste and smell of Iranian tea, high quality, and attractive packaging design and type were recognized as more suitable selected as the best differentiation strategy.
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Open Access
Article
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Modeling Attitude Components Affecting the Acceptance of Functional Dairy Foods among Iranian Urban Consumers
محمد کاوسی کلاشمی
امیرعلی فریدی
حمید ال بلالی
Issue 4
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Vol.
11
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Autumn
2021
Since conventional foods can have different negative effects on human health and cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, the use of functional foods is highly recommended. In this study, the attitudinal factors affecting the acceptance of functional dairy foods (
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Since conventional foods can have different negative effects on human health and cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, the use of functional foods is highly recommended. In this study, the attitudinal factors affecting the acceptance of functional dairy foods (FDF) by urban consumers in Rasht (Guilan province, northern Iran) were investigated. Data were obtained from 223 households in Rasht City. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the effects of the general purchasing component as well as those of benefits of FDF, need of functional dairy foods, confidence in functional dairy foods, safety of functional dairy foods, health consciousness and healthy lifestyle, and willingness to buy FDF. The results show that the components of attitude towards healthy lifestyle and the general component of purchasing were the most effective factors in determining the acceptance of FDF by the households of Rasht City. The designed model explains 79.5 percent of the variation in willingness to use FDF. Given the benefits of consuming these products in preventing diseases and reducing health costs, public investments in awareness raising campaigns are needed to promote healthy lifestyle among urban consumers and increase the acceptance of FDF in Iran.
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Open Access
Article
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Rice Waste and Tillage Management in Guilan Rice Paddy Fields: An Essential Approach to Sustainable Agricultural Management
فاطمه علیپور مبارکی
علی محمدی ترکاشوند
محمود شعبانپور شهرستانی
علی اعلمی
Issue 4
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Vol.
10
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Autumn
2020
One of the major contributors to air pollution, soil environmental degradations and health risks in paddy fields is the production of high volumes of rice growing activities’ wastes. Poorly managed rice husk and straw (such as burning) can be problematic since the
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One of the major contributors to air pollution, soil environmental degradations and health risks in paddy fields is the production of high volumes of rice growing activities’ wastes. Poorly managed rice husk and straw (such as burning) can be problematic since they threaten rice -based cropping system and farmers’ economy. One promising approach to decrease their negative effects is to use alternative managerial practices to guaranty both food security and sustainable agriculture and to address waste management issues. Currently, the burning rice wastes burning and off season’s tillage are two hot topics that is of interest to numerous agricultural researchers. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of rice residues burning on a number of crucial paddy soil chemical and physical characters, rice yield and yield component, rice pests, diseases, and common weeds populations. The current one -year field experiment was carried out in five factors factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were tillage methods at three levels (non-plowing, autumn plowing, and winter plowing), and crop residues’ management at two levels (residues burning and residues conservation). The chemical (Total N, Zn content and OC %) and physical (infiltration rate) properties of paddy soil were significantly affected by residual management (p <0.05), except bulk density. The initial soil organic carbon percentage (2.18%) and consequently initial infiltration rate (2.04) increased at the conservative management of the residues in combination with plowing by around 0.51 percent, 2.69 and 2.81, respectively. Furthermore, the 1000 grains weight and filled grains weight were increased by abovementioned treatments by around 8 and 9percent, respectively. The rate of emergence of rice stem borer was negatively affected by winter and autumn plowing more than 4 times, with non- significant difference between winter and autumn plowing. The applied treatments had not any significant effect on studied rice weed populations, except weed 1 that tillage management caused a decrease about 2 times in its population. The applied treatments (alone and/or in combination) not only can certainly contribute to the reduction of rice weed, pest and disease populations but also strongly recommend to improve some important soil physical and chemical properties.
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Upcoming Articles
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Open Access
Article
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The impacts of educational and extensional methods on using renewable energy by Semnan poultry farmers
Mohsen Mohammadi
Mohammad Sabouri
Seyed Sadjad Seyed Sabouri
This paper aims at studying the role of agricultural education and extension methods on the use of renewable energy by farmers in Semnan Province. The research was a practical study in terms of goal and was a descriptive-correlation study in terms of methodology. The po
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This paper aims at studying the role of agricultural education and extension methods on the use of renewable energy by farmers in Semnan Province. The research was a practical study in terms of goal and was a descriptive-correlation study in terms of methodology. The population of the study was composed of Semnan Province poultry farmers that used any type of renewable energy. In total, 89 people were analyzed. Data collection tool was questionnaire (composed of 29 main questions and 108 minor questions in a Likert scale). The questionnaire was designed after consultations with university professors and research literature. The validity of the questionnaire was measured in terms of the form and content and its reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.801 to 0.925. It was found that there was a strong significant relationship (r = 0.773) between education and extension methods (participation in the extension and educational courses, visits to farms using solar power, holding workshops on agricultural extension centers, experts’ visiting of poultry, watching videos of farms that use solar energy, production and distribution of educational brochures among farmers, designing related programs at universities, watching videos of the construction of solar power farms, broadcasting radio programs and educational broadcasting from local TV channels) and the use of solar energy by farmers. Based on the farmer’s view, participation in the extension and educational courses was the main source for obtaining the needed information. Also according to stepwise regression, 78.5% of the change in the dependent variable was explained by the variables of “visiting farms using solar power”, “participation in the extension and educational courses”, “production and distribution of educational brochures among farmers”, “holding workshops on agricultural extension centers” and “experts’ visiting of poultry”.
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Article
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Exploring the strategy of Reducing Water Consumption Expenditure and its Role in Farmers' Satisfaction
mohammad ali dadashi
Vahid Khasheii
The purpose of the present research is to examine the effect of coating the tertiary irrigation canals on farmers’ satisfaction in Sowme’eh Sara, Guilan. The study was conducted using a survey research methodology. The statistical population included 14 tert
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The purpose of the present research is to examine the effect of coating the tertiary irrigation canals on farmers’ satisfaction in Sowme’eh Sara, Guilan. The study was conducted using a survey research methodology. The statistical population included 14 tertiary canalized schemes in Sowme’eh Sara up to the end of 2013, Including totally 2434 hectares .The share of each beneficiary was 0.7 hectare according to the extant statistics and documents in water and soil management of Agricultural Jihad Organization of Guilan. Based on Morgan and Krejcie’s Table, 340 beneficiaries were chosen by stratified random sampling. The main data collection tool was a self-made questionnaire whose face and content validity was improved and finally accepted by water and soil experts and professors. In order to determine the reliability of the research, the questionnaires were answered by 30 members of the statistical population. Afterwards, using SPSS software and Cronbach’s alpha test, the questionnaire’s sustainability was assessed and 78% was computed and confirmed. The independent variables under study were age, literacy, the number of individuals under guardianship, workload, product performance, costs, securing agricultural goals etc. and the dependent variable was farmers’ satisfaction of coating the streams. Each of the variables was categorized and assessed based on Likert Scale. The effect of each independent variable on farmers’ satisfaction was evaluated through SPSS software and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed that there is a semantic relationship between literacy, workload, product performance, costs and securing agricultural goals variables and farmers’ satisfaction.
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Comparison of healthy crop cultivation behavior based on demographic variables (Case study: rural beneficiaries Kermanshah province in Iran)
مرضیه معرف
alireza poursaeed
roya eshraghi
hamed chaharsoghi amin
As the world's increasing population grows, providing the food needed by the human community is facing serious constraints, which has cused farmers to use pesticides and chemical pesticides for two reason: first increase their production and second fight against plant p
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As the world's increasing population grows, providing the food needed by the human community is facing serious constraints, which has cused farmers to use pesticides and chemical pesticides for two reason: first increase their production and second fight against plant pests. Use of toxins and chemical fertilizers has put people at greater risk. Safe crop cultivation is a way to combat this problem. In the present study, researcher compare the cultivation behavior of healthy crop based on demographic variables. This research is a quantitative, ex-post facto (Causal-comparative research), non-experimental study. The statistical population of the study consisted of 80304 rural beneficaries in Kermanshah province that 385 people selected as sample size. Because of the dispersion of the statistical population, 400 questionnaires were distributed through multi-stage cluster sampling among the users. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of beneficiary's behaviors regarding the cultivation of healthy products in Kermanshah province based on the variables of participation in educational-extension classes, role model, age, work experience, educational level and monthly income. Only marital and gender variables were not significantly different. Success can be achieved by holding extension classes in this field and introducing exemplary and successful farmers as a role model and giving financial rewards to them. The government and the Agricultural Extension and Education Organization have a significant role to achieving this success.
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Investigating Challenges of agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) in Iran with Delphi technique
سیده مرضیه رازقی
Hasan Sadighi
Mohammad Chizari
Sustainable agricultural and rural development requires knowledge and information, skills, attitudes and technologies, which run through a network of actors to produce, distribute and use it in a particular place. The model of the Agriculture Knowledge and Information S
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Sustainable agricultural and rural development requires knowledge and information, skills, attitudes and technologies, which run through a network of actors to produce, distribute and use it in a particular place. The model of the Agriculture Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) is designed based on this recognition. In Iran, There are about decades of experience in the development of this system. The purpose of this Delphi study was to develop a listing of those challenges facing Iran's Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS). Panel of experts consisted of extension offices, natural-level researchers, faculty members of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), and university faculty in agricultural extension and education. The panel identified 86 challenges of AKIS in Iran that were classified into 8 categories consisting of Participatory-institutional, Policy-legal, Information broadcasting-communicational, Monitoring and evaluation, Actors competency, supportive-motivational, management-structural and infrastructure-environmental.
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Designing Marketing Strategies for Kiwifruit Export to International Markets Based on Grounded Theory and SWOT Method (A Case Study of Amin Caspian Shomal co.)
مهدیه مددخواه
ابراهیم چیرانی
مریم اوشک سرایی
Considering the government’s advocacy of and support for non-oil exports and the importance of cultivation and job creation opportunities relating to the kiwifruit product in the northern provinces, and taking into account the limitations of the mode of distributi
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Considering the government’s advocacy of and support for non-oil exports and the importance of cultivation and job creation opportunities relating to the kiwifruit product in the northern provinces, and taking into account the limitations of the mode of distribution and competition of producing countries in the global markets, it is imperative that the preparedness of Amin Caspian Shomal company in exporting kiwifruit in order to enter the global markets and the factors influencing it are investigated. for this descriptive research, which was conducted on the basis of strategic studies process, and is applied in terms of objective and takes on a qualitative approach, the Grounded Theory method and SWOT matrix for the purpose of strategic planning have been used. on the basis of the findings of the research, and after the analysis of the information, the result of the Internal Factors Evaluation matrix was calculated at 2.08 and the External Factors Evaluation matrix was calculated at 2.24, and the strategic position of the Amin Caspian Shomal company was set in a defensive mode.
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The Role of Production Factors in the Growth of Iranian Economy, with Emphasis on Natural Resources and Labor and Environmental Degradation
صمد زارعی
سید نعمت اله موسوی
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental quality and social capital on economic growth in Iran. So, this study, based on theoretical foundations, in addition to these variables, investigated the effects of various human capital ind
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental quality and social capital on economic growth in Iran. So, this study, based on theoretical foundations, in addition to these variables, investigated the effects of various human capital indicators on Iran's economic growth during the period of 1973-92. The variables representing social capital included access to the Internet and telephone communication services. For human capital, literacy rate, enrollment rate in elementary school, as well as the number of students were used. It was also assumed that technology, in addition to workforce, would appear in the form of physical capital. The findings showed that physical capital was the most important factor in the growth of Iran's economy and its yield was 0.3-0.4. But a very small role was played by the variables of human capital and environmental capital. The role of social capital was also relatively acceptable and positive.Keywords: Growth Model, Social Capital, Environmental Capital, IranJEL Classification: O13, O47, R1
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business opportunities for rural areas in Ilam province
همایون مرادنژادی
مرجان واحدی
The rural areas of Ilam province are facing many problems in the field of employment and production, and the development of entrepreneurial activities in these areas is very necessary. Opportunity identification has a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities.
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The rural areas of Ilam province are facing many problems in the field of employment and production, and the development of entrepreneurial activities in these areas is very necessary. Opportunity identification has a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities.The study was carried out to home business opportunities for rural areas in Ilam province. The research used a combined qualitative and quantitative methodology. The methodology was qualitative in the first phase using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The second phase was run by a descriptive-survey methodology. Participants were purposefully selected from village administrators, experts of the Coordination Office of Economic Affairs Governor, experts of the Jahad-e Agriculture organization, experts of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, and experts of the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization. Data were collected from 72 participants in nine sessions as focus group discussion attended by 6-11 people. They were qualitatively analyzed by Strauss and Corbin’s constant comparison method in three coding phases. They were quantitatively analyzed with SPSS Software Package. In the end, the home businesses in priority in each Township were introduced for agricultural sector, processing industries, and handicraft industries.
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Designing a Model for Intelligent Management of Agri-Businesses Supply Chain
سحر اسدزاده منجیلی
فیروزه حاجی علی اکبری
نبی اله محمدی
Ensuring food safety, preventing market imbalance of supply and demand and market inflammation as well as improving production efficiency and productivity, transparency, traceability of distribution networks and supply chains of active agri-businesses in the field of ba
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Ensuring food safety, preventing market imbalance of supply and demand and market inflammation as well as improving production efficiency and productivity, transparency, traceability of distribution networks and supply chains of active agri-businesses in the field of basic and strategic products such as rice, tea, olives and citrus and the realization of many positive micro and macro consequences depend on intelligent supply chain management. Therefore, the purpose of this applied research was to present a model based on the effective factors of intelligent SCM of agri-businesses and to present SC strategies and effective actions. In this regard, in addition to library studies, field studies were conducted through in-depth interviews with 33 public and private sector experts from Guilan, Mazandaran and Zanjan provinces who were selected by theoretical and non-probabilistic sampling. In order to analyze the data, qualitative data-based and coding methods were used. The validity and reliability of the data collection tool were confirmed. Based on the research findings, 1556 open codes, 75 axial codes and 9 selective codes including economic and financial factors, marketing and sales, production and operational, institutional, infrastructure and logistics, communication and information, technological and innovative, climatic, environmental, biological and political were identified and the initial model designed based on effective factors by qualitative analysis method and using Maxqda2020 software. After removing 29 sub-factors with a repetition rate of less than 7, the final model was presented based on 46 sub-factors. In final, 8 SC strategies and 34 effective actions in order to succesfull intelligent SCM proposed.
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Life cycle of energy-economic analysis for different cultivation scenarios of paddy production (Case study: Khuzestan Province)
محمد غلامی پرشکوهی
Heidar Molaee Jafrodi
Hamed Afshari
Davood Mohammad Zamani
In this study, energy and economic analysis of paddy production in Khuzestan province of Iran were studied. Paddy production in this province was analyzed under three scenarios of multiple cultivation system including (Paddy-Transplanting System) PTS, (Paddy Direct Seed
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In this study, energy and economic analysis of paddy production in Khuzestan province of Iran were studied. Paddy production in this province was analyzed under three scenarios of multiple cultivation system including (Paddy-Transplanting System) PTS, (Paddy Direct Seeding Flooding System) PDSFS and (Paddy-Upland Cultivation System) PUCS. The highest total input (87993.14 MJ ha-1) and output (105400 MJ ha-1) energies were related to PTS. Diesel fuel and nitrogen fertilizer had the uppermost energy use shares. Depending on the type of cultivation in PUCS, human labor has a large share of energy. Estimation of the energy ratio of PUCS method (1.34) indicates that the amount of output energy is much higher than the input energy. Productivity energy index also showed that there is no significant difference between the three methods in terms of amount of paddy relative to input energy. The specific energy of PTS method (14.19 MJ kg-1) indicates large amounts of input energy relative to the amount of paddy produced. Based on the high revenue and low cost, the benefit to cost ratio at the expense of PTS method is significant. The productivity of the PUCS method was reported to be 212.65 kg $−1 due to the high production of paddy compared to the lowest costs.
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Modeling energy use and economic productivity of different fish production systems using artificial neural networks
محمد غلامی پرشکوهی
محسن رسولی
بابک بهشتی
محمد قهدریجانی
This study aimed to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict output energy and economic indicators. So, data on two fish breeding sites were collected with a questionnaire, directly from the site owners and administrators, and from the records. Then, the input a
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This study aimed to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict output energy and economic indicators. So, data on two fish breeding sites were collected with a questionnaire, directly from the site owners and administrators, and from the records. Then, the input and output energy of cold-water and hot-water fish were calculated. The cold-water fish were found to have a more favorable energy ratio (ER) (2.24), energy productivity (EP) (0.04 kg MJ−1), specific energy (SE) (26.83 MJ kg-1), and net energy gain (NEG) (33222.16 MJ kg-1). According to the results, fish feed and electricity are two factors among energy consumption inputs whose proper management will increase energy efficiency. The benefit-to-cost ratio was positive for cold-water fish (1.54) and hot-water fish (2.45). The productivity of cold-water and hot-water fish was 0.58 kg $-1 and 0.52 kg $-1, respectively. The results of ANNs showed that R2 varied from 0.947 to 0.993 overall, from 0.912 to 0.964 for the training stage, and from 0.978 to 0.980 for the testing stage in the case of cold-water fish. Regarding hot-water fish, these values were 0.885-0.998, 0.923-0.952, and 0.952-0.995, respectively. So, ANNs can be used to predict output energy and economic productivity.
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The comparison of algae production systems based on energy consumption and economic analysis: The application of data envelopment analysis
ناصر کاظمی
محمد غلامی پرشکوهی
احمد محمدی
داود محمد زمانی
This paper aims to examine energy use efficiency and economic analysis in different microalgae production systems (open space and greenhouse method) using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The data gathered from the laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Arak bran
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This paper aims to examine energy use efficiency and economic analysis in different microalgae production systems (open space and greenhouse method) using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The data gathered from the laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Arak branch was a place to conduct microalgae production experiments in different systems. The number of samples in each system production of microalgae was estimated to equal 20. The energy result showed that the average total input energy was 15920.40 and 17691.60 MJ kg-1 in the open space and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Also, the energy ratio for the open space and greenhouse conditions was estimated at 0.89 and 0.80, and the energy productivity index at 0.06 and 0.02 kg MJ−1, respectively. According to the economic analysis, the net return of the open space and greenhouse methods were 204376.59 and 269276.06 $ kg-1, respectively. The economic productivity of the open space and greenhouse cultivation methods were determined to be 0.17 and 0.16 kg $−1, respectively. The result of DEA demonstrated that the total optimized consumption of energy in the open space method was 14476.93 MJ kg-1. About 16355.21 MJ kg-1 was saved in the greenhouse method (7.55%) compared to the current cultivation conditions by converting inefficient to efficient cultivation. According to the investigations, it was found that open space cultivation consumes less energy and is more economical than greenhouse cultivation. As a result, promoting microalgae cultivation outdoors is preferable to greenhouse cultivation.
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Qualitative analysis and Prioritize the Challenges of Sustainable Agricultural Development through Grounded Theory and AHP in Iran
Keivan Torfi
Ahmadreza Ommani
Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi
mohammad sadegh sabouri
The purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of sustainable agricultural development in Iran. In this research, using a qualitative method, an attempt has been made to identify the challenges of sustainable agricultural development
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The purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of sustainable agricultural development in Iran. In this research, using a qualitative method, an attempt has been made to identify the challenges of sustainable agricultural development in Khuzestan province. Qualitative research involves in-depth evaluation, collection, and analysis of non-numerical data to identify and understand phenomena, concepts, ideas, or experiences. This research has been conducted from January to September 2021 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand the challenges through grounded theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied type of research, and (systematic) grounded theory is used. The data were collected by performing in-depth semi-structured interviews with the 30 agricultural experts in this field. Data analysis was done by using MAX qualitative data analysis version 12 software (maxqda12) in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study by grounded theory identified 29 initial codes and six main following challenges were categorized and by AHP prioritized: weakness in management and planning, weakness in human resources, shortage of attention to environmental studies, shortage of infrastructure facilities, shortage of credit and financial capital and weakness in legislation and sustainability policy. A model was finally designed based on the results of the study.
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Educational Program Based on the Health Action Process Approach and Its Effect on Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Greenhouse Farmers
رضا پورنارانی
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharif
Farzan Madadizadeh
This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational program based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on integrated pest management (IPM) adoption among greenhouse farmers in Jiroft, southern Iran. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 300 gre
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational program based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on integrated pest management (IPM) adoption among greenhouse farmers in Jiroft, southern Iran. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 300 greenhouse farmers in Jiroft, in 2021. Multistage sampling and random allocation were performed to select two groups of participants, control (n=150) and intervention (n=150). No intervention was performed on the control group. In the intervention we used a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HAPA constructs and IPM scores were registered. In the intervention group, the mean scores of all the constructs, except for recovery self-efficacy, increased after intervention. In addition, the IPM adoption in the medium IPM group increased [from 28 (18.66%) farmers to 119 (79.03%) farmers] significantly but no significant difference and/or increase was observed in the all of these variables in the control group after intervention. The HAPA-based educational program contributes positively to IPM adoption among greenhouse farmers
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